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Explains the medication hydrocodone/ acetaminophen (Vicodin, Vicodin ES, Vicodin HP, Anexsia, Lortab, Lorcet, Lorcet Plus, Norco, Zydone) a narcotic drug used as a.
Lortab - Clinical Pharmacology Hydrocodone is a semisynthetic narcotic lortab and antitussive with multiple actions qualitatively similar to those of codeine, lortab 10 order. Most of these involve the central nervous system and smooth muscle. The precise mechanism of action of hydrocodone and other opiates is not known, although it is believed to relate to the existence of opiate receptors in the central nervous system.
In addition to analgesia, narcotics may produce drowsiness, changes in mood and mental clouding. The analgesic action of acetaminophen involves peripheral influences, but the specific mechanism is as yet undetermined. Antipyretic activity is mediated through hypothalamic heat regulating centers.
Acetaminophen inhibits prostaglandin synthetase. Therapeutic orders of acetaminophen have negligible effects on the cardiovascular or respiratory systems; however, toxic doses may online pharmacies levitra circulatory failure and rapid, shallow breathing. Pharmacokinetics The behavior of lortab individual orders is described below.
Hydrocodone Following a 10 mg oral dose of hydrocodone administered to five adult male subjects, the mean peak concentration was Maximum serum levels were achieved at 1.
Acetaminophen Acetaminophen is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is distributed throughout most body tissues.
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The plasma half-life is 1. Elimination of acetaminophen is principally by liver metabolism conjugation and subsequent renal excretion of metabolites. Indications and Usage for Lortab Lortab hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets are indicated for the relief of order to moderately severe pain.
Contraindications Lortab tablets should not be administered to patients who have previously exhibited hypersensitivity to hydrocodone or acetaminophen. Patients known to be hypersensitive to other opioids may exhibit cross-sensitivity to hydrocodone.
Warnings Hepatotoxicity Acetaminophen has been associated with cases of acute liver failure, at times resulting in liver transplant and lortab. Most of the cases of liver injury are associated with the use of acetaminophen at doses that exceed milligrams per day, and often involve more than one acetaminophen containing product.
The excessive intake of acetaminophen may be intentional to cause self-harm or unintentional as patients attempt to obtain more pain relief or unknowingly take other acetaminophen-containing orders. The risk of acute liver failure is higher in individuals with underlying liver disease and in individuals who ingest alcohol while taking acetaminophen. Instruct patients to look for acetaminophen or APAP on package labels and not to use more than one product that contains acetaminophen.
Instruct patients to seek medical attention immediately upon ingestion of more than milligrams of acetaminophen per day, even if they feel well. Patients should be informed about the signs of serious skin reactions, and use of the drug should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash or any other sign of hypersensitivity.
Clinical signs included swelling of the face, mouth, and throat, respiratory distress, urticaria, lortab 10 order, rash, pruritus, lortab 10 order, and vomiting. There were infrequent reports of life-threatening anaphylaxis requiring emergency medical attention. Instruct lortab to discontinue Lortab immediately and seek medical care if they experience these symptoms, lortab 10 order. Do not prescribe Lortab for patients with acetaminophen allergy.
Respiratory Depression At high doses or in sensitive patients, hydrocodone may produce oxycodone 10mg yellow pill respiratory depression by acting directly on the order stem respiratory center, lortab 10 order. Hydrocodone also affects the center that controls respiratory rhythm, lortab 10 order, and may produce irregular and periodic breathing.
Head Injury and Increased Intracranial Pressure The respiratory depressant effects of narcotics and their capacity to elevate cerebrospinal fluid pressure may be markedly exaggerated in the presence of head injury, other intracranial lesions or a preexisting increase in intracranial pressure. Furthermore, narcotics produce adverse reactions which may obscure the clinical course of patients with head orders. Acute Abdominal Conditions The administration of narcotics may obscure the diagnosis or clinical course of patients with acute abdominal conditions.
Opioid agonists have the potential for being abused and are sought by abusers and people with addiction disorders, lortab 10 order, and are subject to diversion. Lortab can be abused in a manner similar to other opioid agonists, legal or illicit. Precautions General Special Risk Patients As with any narcotic analgesic agent, Lortab should be used with caution in elderly or debilitated patients and those with severe impairment of hepatic or renal function, hypothyroidism, Addison's disease, prostatic hypertrophy or urethral stricture.
The usual precautions should be observed and the possibility of respiratory depression should be kept in mind. Cough Reflex Hydrocodone suppresses the cough reflex; as with all narcotics, caution should be exercised when Lortab are used postoperatively and in patients with pulmonary disease. If you develop signs of allergy such as a rash or difficulty breathing stop taking Lortab and contact your healthcare provider immediately.
Do not take more than milligrams of acetaminophen per day. Call your doctor if you took more than the recommended dose. Alcohol and other CNS depressants may produce an additive CNS depression, when taken with this combination product, and should lortab avoided.
Hydrocodone may be habit forming. Patients should take the drug only for as lortab as it is prescribed, in the amounts prescribed, and no more frequently than prescribed. Drug Interactions Patients receiving other narcotic analgesics, antihistamines, antipsychotics, antianxiety agents, or other CNS depressants including alcohol concomitantly with Lortab may exhibit an additive CNS depression.
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When combined therapy is contemplated, the dose of one or both agents should be reduced. The use of MAO inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants with hydrocodone preparations may increase the effect of either the antidepressant or hydrocodone, lortab 10 order.
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, lortab 10 order, Impairment of Fertility No adequate studies have been conducted in animals to determine whether hydrocodone or acetaminophen have a potential for carcinogenesis, lortab 10 order, mutagenesis, or impairment of fertility. Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects Lortab Category Order There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Lortab should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit lortab the potential risk to the fetus.
Nonteratogenic Effects Babies born to mothers who have been taking opioids regularly order to delivery will be physically dependent.
The withdrawal signs include irritability and excessive crying, tremors, hyperactive reflexes, increased respiratory rate, increased stools, lortab 10 order, sneezing, yawning, cheap cialis viagra online, and fever.
The intensity of the syndrome does not always correlate with the duration of maternal order use or dose.
There is no consensus on the best method of managing withdrawal. Labor and Delivery As with all narcotics, administration of Lortab to the mother shortly before delivery may result in some degree of respiratory depression in the newborn, especially if higher doses are used. Nursing Mothers Acetaminophen is excreted in breast milk in small amounts, but the significance of its orders on nursing infants is not known. It is not known whether hydrocodone is excreted in human milk.
Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from hydrocodone and acetaminophen, a decision lortab be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother, lortab 10 order. Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness in the pediatric patients have not been established. Geriatric Use Clinical studies of Lortab hydrocodone bitartrate 5 mg and acetaminophen mg did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.
Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
Adverse Reactions The most frequently reported adverse reactions include: These effects seem to be more prominent in ambulatory than in nonambulatory patients and some of these adverse reactions may be alleviated if the patient lies down. Other adverse reactions include: Drowsiness, mental clouding, lethargy, lortab 10 order, impairment of mental and physical performance, anxiety, fear, dysphoria, psychic dependence, mood lortab.
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Prolonged administration of Lortab may produce constipation, lortab 10 order. Ureteral spasm, spasm of vesical sphincters and urinary retention have been reported with opiates. Cases of hearing impairment or permanent loss have been reported predominantly in orders with chronic overdose.
The following adverse drug events may be borne in mind as potential effects of acetaminophen: Lortab, and other opioids lortab in analgesia can be abused and are subject to criminal diversion. Addiction is a primary, chronic, neurobiologic disease, with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations.
It is characterized by behaviors that include one or more of the following: Drug addiction is a treatable disease utilizing a multidisciplinary approach, but order is common.
Drug-seeking tactics include emergency calls or visits near the end of office hours, refusal to undergo appropriate examination, testing or referral, lortab 10 order, repeated "loss" of prescriptions, tampering with prescriptions and reluctance to provide prior medical records or contact information for other order physician s. Abuse and addiction are separate and distinct from physical dependence and tolerance.
Physical dependence usually assumes clinically significant dimensions only after several weeks of continued opioid use, although a mild degree of physical dependence may develop after a few where to buy viagra thailand of opioid therapy.
Tolerance, lortab 10 order, in which increasingly large doses are required in order to produce the same degree of analgesia, is manifested initially by a shortened duration of analgesic effect, and subsequently by decreases in the intensity of analgesia. The rate of development of tolerance varies among patients. Physicians should be aware that abuse of opioids can occur in the absence of true addiction and is characterized by misuse for non-medical purposes, often in combination with other psychoactive substances.
Lortab, like other opioids, may be diverted for non-medical use. Record-keeping of prescribing information, including quantity, frequency, lortab 10 order, and renewal requests is lortab advised, lortab 10 order. Proper assessment of the patient, proper prescribing practices, lortab 10 order, periodic re-evaluation of therapy, and proper dispensing and storage are appropriate orders that help to limit abuse lortab opioid drugs.
Overdosage Lortab an acute overdosage, toxicity may result from hydrocodone or acetaminophen.
In severe overdosage, apnea, circulatory collapse, cardiac arrest and death may occur. Acetaminophen In acetaminophen overdosage: Renal tubular necrosis, lortab 10 order, hypoglycemic coma, and coagulation defects may also occur.
Early symptoms following a potentially hepatotoxic overdose may include: Clinical and laboratory order of order toxicity may not be apparent until 48 to 72 hours post-ingestion. 2.5mg valium alcohol A single or multiple drug overdose with hydrocodone and acetaminophen is a potentially lethal polydrug overdose, lortab 10 order, and order with a regional poison control center is recommended.
Immediate treatment includes support of cardiorespiratory function lortab measures to reduce drug absorption. Oxygen, intravenous fluids, vasopressors, and other supportive measures should be employed as indicated, lortab 10 order.
Assisted or controlled ventilation should also be considered, lortab 10 order. For hydrocodone order, primary attention should be given to the reestablishment of adequate respiratory exchange lortab provision of a patent airway and the institution of assisted or controlled ventilation.
The narcotic antagonist naloxone hydrochloride is a specific antidote against respiratory depression which may result from overdosage or unusual sensitivity to narcotics, including hydrocodone. Since the duration of action of hydrocodone may exceed that of the antagonist, the patient should be kept under continued lortab, and repeated doses of the lortab should be administered as needed to maintain adequate respiration.
A narcotic lortab should not be administered in the absence of clinically significant respiratory or cardiovascular depression, lortab 10 order. Gastric decontamination with activated charcoal should be administered just prior to N-acetylcysteine NAC to decrease systemic absorption if acetaminophen ingestion is known or suspected to have occurred within a few hours of presentation. Serum acetaminophen orders should be obtained immediately if the patient presents 4 lortab or more after ingestion to assess potential risk of hepatotoxicity; acetaminophen levels drawn less than 4 orders post-ingestion may be misleading.